Forum Transcripts

All Things Character 9/15/06

Event start time:

Fri Sep 15 19:04:38 2006

Event end time:

Fri Sep 15 20:34:13 2006



Legend:
Questions from the Audience are presented in red.
Answers by the Speaker are in black.
The Moderator's comments are in blue.

mary rosenblum

Hello all!

mary rosenblum

We finally got some rain. It feels much more like Oregon here and less like Arizona now!

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

mary rosenblum

I wanted to talk about characters tonight. The most important part of fiction and creative nonfiction...

mary rosenblum

you can't learn too much about characters and characterization.

mary rosenblum

So tonight is your chance to ask anything even remotely related to characters and how to create REAL characters.

mary rosenblum

Writing books toss that around so blythely...but it's a complex process. :-)

mary rosenblum

So what questions do you have? :-)

onepozy

Where do you get your ideas to form your characters

mary rosenblum

Good question, one. :-)

mary rosenblum

And that one has many answers...

mary rosenblum

Most writers, myself included, create characters from a patchwork of attributes taken from real people.

mary rosenblum

We all watch people all the time, noticing how they interact.

mary rosenblum

But as to that 'specific' character, sometimes the character may 'spring to life'...

mary rosenblum

in your head before you have a story, or you may more intentionally create a character...

mary rosenblum

who would fit in the plot or story idea you came up with.

mary rosenblum

Say you have this great idea for an undersea civilization and you need a main character to go find it...

mary rosenblum

you're going to need someone who is around the ocean of course, and probably pretty adventuresome.

mary rosenblum

You might decide to make her or him a marine biologist.

mary rosenblum

And then start giving that person the backstory that makes him the right person for the story.

tory

Mine is a character POV question. If POV's companion does something--say, clench fist--is it best to say "Joe POV noticed Buddy clench his fist." Or just: Biddy clenched his fist--since it is Joe seing it?

mary rosenblum

Youi can do it either way, depending on the scene and what works.

mary rosenblum

If Joe's attention is directed elsewhere, you may need to say 'Joe noticed Buddy's fist clench. He braced himself...

mary rosenblum

But if Joe is looking at Buddy, you can simply use Buddy clenched his fist and Joe braced himself.

mary rosenblum

That's Joe's awareness.

mary rosenblum

You have to visualize the choreography of that scene.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

lore alley

What do you think about getting characterization ideas from TV (as opposed to "real" people)? Good tool or bad idea?

mary rosenblum

Bad idea. bad bad bad bad!

mary rosenblum

Real people are not of much interest to the TV and hollywood industry..

mary rosenblum

nor are facts.

mary rosenblum

You tend to get cliches or stereotypes for the most part. And you do not want to use the doctor or lawyer or scientist on the TV...

mary rosenblum

as 'research'. TV gets facts wrong ALL the time. Reality is simply not important.

mary rosenblum

ladybird reverse the ask...type /ask and your question. :-)

janecj333

I've got another language question...I'm working on nitty gritty detail in my revision...so, if in the narrative of an sf novel I use miles and feet and hours, can the characters, if they are aliens, also use those same terms?

mary rosenblum

They wouldn't jane. But you should be able to make the comparison clear...

mary rosenblum

Unless your aliens have learned English?

mary rosenblum

American English?

mary rosenblum

Otherwise, you might need to set up an interchange that makes the relationship of 'ghats' to 'meters' clear.

silkybutterfly12

How does TV get away with that but when writing we can't

mary rosenblum

People are willing to put up with it. Different audience. Ours is more discerning. :-)

mary rosenblum

No it's not fair!

mary rosenblum

But you know that life and fair equation, don't you?

geezer

I'm surrounded by Hispanics, but I can't seem to get into a Hispanic voice. Any suggestion?

mary rosenblum

If you are trying to capture a 'foreign' idiom, it is a very good idea to have an informant of that persuasion tell you how that person would REALLY say that sentence. :-)

mary rosenblum

That will give you the most accuracy.

mary rosenblum

Otherwise, if you have a friend, say, who grew up in Mexico, and speaks less than perfect English...

mary rosenblum

imagine that person speaking your dialogue.

janecj333

I hate to bring attention to such terms...we are using English, after all, for every word uttered by aliens to each other.

mary rosenblum

That's the hard part, Jane. You have to use English, but you're more likely to jar the reader if you have them use 'feet'...

mary rosenblum

than if you have them use 'ghats' and measure off a piece of string about a foot long.

mary rosenblum

That's one of the tricky parts of doing other languages in English.

silkybutterfly12

I have an alien for a MC I have her in my head and a

silkybutterfly12

but haveing trouble makeing her seem real on paper(help

mary rosenblum

aliens are HARD silky.

mary rosenblum

If they are genuinely alien they're not very comprehensible yes?

mary rosenblum

That's why so many SF aliens are very human in behavior. :-)

mary rosenblum

And why I don't have aliens walking around in my SF. :-)

mary rosenblum

(I think I have used two alien sentients in all of my SF career.)

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

ladybird39pm

do you need to ask permissiond to recreat another story from

ladybird39pm

may I extend on 3 bears with out permissin

mary rosenblum

Sorry, I meant to put those questions together a bit more coherently and I clicked on the wrong icon. :-)

mary rosenblum

I understand your question...can you use the Three Bears in a story.

mary rosenblum

Yes.

mary rosenblum

Any 'copy right' has long ago expired on those old fairy tales and they are in the public domain.

ladybird39pm

Is it ok to make animals come alive in kids stories?

mary rosenblum

Well, animals ARE alive...but you can make stuffed animals come alive and make animals act very much like humans.

mary rosenblum

Those are both used pretty commonly in childrens stories.

forest elf

They must be very hard. I've read a few sci fi (published) and sometimes found the other worlds and aliens not convincing.

mary rosenblum

It's very difficult, forest.

sss1208

I want to write a fiction based on real event.can i use the real name of the ship that was named for a real person 45 years ago?

mary rosenblum

Sure, sss. There is nothing illegal about using the names of real people in fiction as long as you don't libel them.

mary rosenblum

I personally don't do it, although if I was writing an historical novel I certainly would :-)

forest elf

Like Raggedy Ann?

mary rosenblum

Yes, there's a 'stuffed toy come to life' story. And the Velveteen Rabbit, a classic.

beryl

My novel's MC starts with seeing her husband shot and then waking up in the hospital, telling her two children their Dad's died, etc and I want the readers to know more than the widow side of her. I've done a flashback scene but what else can I do?

mary rosenblum

Well, surely she's going to hav to deal with everyday events.

mary rosenblum

You can give us glimpses of her personality even though she's dealing with recent tragedy.

mary rosenblum

We'll learn a lot about her as she puts her grief aside briefly to help a kid in the park...

mary rosenblum

who is getting harassed, or does something else that reveals her real personality.

beryl

I have her interacting a lot with a childhood on up best friend, with their past times showing through.

mary rosenblum

That's good.

mary rosenblum

And most people will have ups and downs, dealing with grief. She's certainly going to find things that remind her of her past.

beryl

That's good...I can see her doing that (with the kid )

mary rosenblum

You can give her all kinds of distractions that will allow her to be herself and reveal her as someone...

mary rosenblum

who can put her own pain aside to help others. We'll like her for that.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

forest elf

It is amazing how characters evolve. I saw a homeless man last year that caught my eye. He looked happy, peaceful, and was handsome. It was the oddest thing. He was the beginning of my idea for the male MC for my last years NaNo.

mary rosenblum

Oh yes...

mary rosenblum

I've had many moments where a brief glimpse of someone, a picture, even a voice in a radio interview, has sparked a character for me.

mary rosenblum

Some of those characters have to wait until I have the right story for them, though.

janecj333

I figure aliens will be about as like us as worms...no common vocal organs or sensibility.

mary rosenblum

I agree, jane. I have always felt that if they are 'alien' we're not going to understand them.

mary rosenblum

Neither of my two aliens is awfully comprehensible or very primate-like for that matter.

sss1208

would children's stories be successful in today's market based on stories from events 50 years ago.

sss1208

again, my mother and three others made up a fiction play 50 years ago, I was wondering if I should modernize the story or tell it like it was 50 years ago

mary rosenblum

Oh, yes, sss, stories set in the past are VERY popular. Look at Little House on the Prairie!

mary rosenblum

However, you have to make the universe of the past...that would be the 1950s...real to your young readers.

janecj333

However, to write good adventure sf, I make my aliens very human-like. It's a trade off.

mary rosenblum

well, that's space opera and it's a big part of the genre. :-)

mary rosenblum

Nothing wrong with good space opera.

dim writer

Just bought a set of Little house Books.

mary rosenblum

They're still big sellers.

mary rosenblum

We are fascinated by life in the past.

janecj333

You have only two aliens?

mary rosenblum

I think so. I've written a LOT of stories, but i can only recall two pieces where I actually have an alien.

tory

I had that same language challenge Jane speaks of in my novel. The US tourists and Albanian children (who all study English in school) carry on somewhatstilted conversations. But a reader said that when Albanian characters speak to each other--even thought I'm using Eng. words, the speeck should flow, because really they'd be speaking Albanian to each other. Confusing. Any thoughts?

mary rosenblum

Boy it's a challenge to have people speaking in various languages to each other, when you're only using English.

mary rosenblum

Your friend is right.

mary rosenblum

When those kids speak to each other, their language should flow...

mary rosenblum

and that will tell the reader that they are speaking Albanian.

mary rosenblum

Now POV is an issue here, too.

mary rosenblum

If you are in one of the English speaker's POV, they won't understand what the kids are saying...

mary rosenblum

so about all you can do is...

mary rosenblum

The two boys spoke together very rapidly, then turned with twin smiles...

mary rosenblum

"You come now? Eat dinner?" the smaller one asked.

mary rosenblum

But if you're in the POV of one of the boys...

mary rosenblum

you can just do this.

mary rosenblum

"What if we aske them to come home with us," Sheer said quickly in Albanian. "Do you think they would help Mother?"

mary rosenblum

You just flat out tell the reader it's Albanian.

janecj333

Salt the Albanian-only conversations with common Albanian terms here and there?

mary rosenblum

Problematical.

mary rosenblum

If you actually have a conversational knowlege of Albanian, then do it heavily for a bit...

mary rosenblum

and slack off.

mary rosenblum

If you can only stick in a few words from a tour guide don't bother.

mary rosenblum

They'll stand out like rocks in a stream.

tory

Yes, they catch a word or two and extrapolate.

mary rosenblum

If you're in the English speaker's POV, then they may chatter, but your English speaker is stuck with guesses. :-)

tory

Sigh. More revisions.

mary rosenblum

Of course. That's the real part of writing. :-)

geezer

I saw a man at the botanical garden which became my romantic hero, a botanist. The whole staff was in an uproar to discover his true ID :-)

mary rosenblum

Cool, geeze. :-)

tory

Do you think once the languages are clearly established, that later in the book I can ease the flow of the stilted conversations. One reader said he hates, HATES anything other than standard English.

mary rosenblum

Some. You still need to make it clear that they're not speaking fluent American idiom.

mary rosenblum

WAtch out for the idioms, like 'cool' and 'awesome' and try avoiding contractions.

mary rosenblum

That will give the language a 'different' sound without making it too stilted.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

dim writer

When you do revisions do you do cut and Paste?

mary rosenblum

When needed. Or cut. Like entire scenes and chapters. Or put in new scenes and chapters...

mary rosenblum

it just depends on what the story needs.

mary rosenblum

I so most of the slash and burn on the first revision..

mary rosenblum

and focus on characterization on the second revision...

mary rosenblum

once I have my events set up to my satisfaction.

mary rosenblum

It's a good idea to use one revision to focus ONLY on your characters.

mary rosenblum

Don't let yourself get distracted by language or plot problems.

mary rosenblum

Fix the plot problems first, do the language tweaks after.

mary rosenblum

Just pay attention to your characters.

mary rosenblum

Ask yourself all the way through...is this what she would really think here?

mary rosenblum

How would he feel right now?

mary rosenblum

is this really what she'd say?

charie'

How do you make your characters memorable (larger than life) and still keep them real?

mary rosenblum

It's kind of a process of turning a bright light on them.

mary rosenblum

You give the readers clues that let them know more about your characters than they...

mary rosenblum

might learn about some stranger...

mary rosenblum

But you can deftly focus reader attention on the character's body language or reveal that occasional thought...

mary rosenblum

so that we see that person's reactions, feelings, and thoughts clearly enough...

mary rosenblum

that we have the insight of old friends even though we've only known this character for a few hours.

mary rosenblum

That's what creating real characters is all about, really.

mary rosenblum

Turning a stranger into an old friend in a couple hundred pages.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

charie'

Is that why character quirks or flaws are so important?

mary rosenblum

Sure.

mary rosenblum

That flawless perfect model of the Good Wife, the Timid Child, the Stern Boss...

mary rosenblum

are like plastic dolls.

mary rosenblum

their hair is painted on, their clothes are part of their molded bodies. They're fake.

mary rosenblum

But if you give them real hair, zits, bad temper once in awhile, a stubborn streak...

mary rosenblum

they're much more like Uncle Joe who is not plastic at all.

dim writer

Do we make old friends into Pov?

mary rosenblum

Well, your POV character is the one you really want to develop to the point that the reader feels very intimate with that person...

mary rosenblum

as long as your POV is your main character.

mary rosenblum

Usually that's true, but not always.

mary rosenblum

What you do, to make that character real, is to give the reader clues...

mary rosenblum

so that reader can figure out what your character is really like.

mary rosenblum

when you TELL the reader Joe is a nice guy, he likes dogs, and is really good about taking care of his elderly mother,...

mary rosenblum

we don't really take your word for it.

mary rosenblum

We believe best what we figure out for ourselves.

mary rosenblum

That's the key.

mary rosenblum

Let the character do things that let the reader evaluate his/her personality.

mary rosenblum

If your character, for example, is having a bad day and stomping home after snapping at the clerk in the convenience store...

mary rosenblum

where he just bought his sixpack of beer...readers are thinking, huh, not too great a guy...

mary rosenblum

They're starting to write him off as kind of a jerk.

mary rosenblum

And then, as he crosses the park, where the kids are playing ball, he notices the really runty kid who has been left out of the...

mary rosenblum

pickup game, and he puts the sixpack down, grabs up the ball as one of the older kids loses it...

mary rosenblum

slam dunks it, grabs the rebound, and passes it right to the runty kid...

mary rosenblum

readers will get the impression that even if he's acting kind of rough around the edges...

mary rosenblum

he might actually have some compassion and might be more complex than he seems.

mary rosenblum

So they add that clue...okay he's gruff and not very polite..

mary rosenblum

but he sized up the playground situation and helped that loner kid out.

mary rosenblum

You keep offering clues like that and you let the readers build that three dimensional character in their minds.

dim writer

So you can't make a mc bad to the bone?

mary rosenblum

Oh you can make a very evil character, dim. That particular character would probably be my protagonist. :-)

mary rosenblum

I'm not a fan of Extremely Nice people in my fiction. :-) They mostly tend to be a bit on the warty side. :-)

mary rosenblum

But you can also make an evil person who seems very nice and polite on the outside...

mary rosenblum

and slowly let the readers realize that this person has a really ugly other side.

forest elf

Even Frankenstein's monster and King Kong had soft spots, didnt' they?

mary rosenblum

Oh yes.

mary rosenblum

And realistically, most 'bad guys' don't think of themselves as bad guys.

mary rosenblum

I think the most chilling 'bad guy' you can have is someone who utterly lacks compassion.

mary rosenblum

Causing harm to another person simply doesn't feel wrong.

forest elf

Of course not. It is probably someone else's fault they are forced to do bad things ... in their point of view.

mary rosenblum

Sure.

mary rosenblum

Of they don't think of the person they harmed as a person.

mary rosenblum

So they robbed that store.

mary rosenblum

One of the novelettes that is a prequel to my Drylands novel and is part of the collection coming out in January...

mary rosenblum

is hardly a 'good person' in that novelette. He's a thief.

mary rosenblum

He ends up being a major protagonist in the novel.

charie'

A hero can do bad things for a good reason

mary rosenblum

Ah, he starts out doing things for bad reasons. But you get to see him evolve.

forest elf

Like Robin Hood?

mary rosenblum

Yeah, that's a character type that shows up pretty regularly in fiction. :-)

mary rosenblum

We like it a lot.

builder guy

What if the vilan is a real life relative tweeked to fiction

mary rosenblum

Weeeellll, ask yourself what will happen if that relative recognizes himself/herself, builder. If the answer involves hospitalization, maybe rethink?

mary rosenblum

A lot of creative nonfiction writers put family members in their stuff all the time. :-)

mary rosenblum

I have often thought I'm glad I'm not related to one or two of 'em. :-)

mary rosenblum

Some time ago, a big name writer put a former girlfriend...who was an editor...into a story in a very nasty way.

mary rosenblum

And of course, everybody in the business knew who it was. And why.

mary rosenblum

And it was an ugly thing to do.

mary rosenblum

That writer lost a lot of respect...mine included.

forest elf

I don't use my family's personalities in my stories. But I have used their names. My MC's best friends are twin girls. I used my niece's names for them. Alyssa & Amanda.

mary rosenblum

You can certainly do that, and it's kind of a sweet thing to do if the girls think it's cool. :-)

mary rosenblum

A lot of these inside jokes lurk in published fiction.

mary rosenblum

And those in the know laugh.

mary rosenblum

Very rarely does the ugly side of this game show up.

mary rosenblum

A writer friend of mine has featured a couple of my dogs as characters in his fiction. :-)

mary rosenblum

But it can be distressful for someone to see a portrayal of himself/herself up on a public stage.

mary rosenblum

I don't recommend using real people as characters.

mary rosenblum

One real issue is that you know that person and you know he/she would or would not do this...

mary rosenblum

and your character can be tough to work with as part of your story.

mary rosenblum

Myself, I prefer to create my character after I have my story idea figured out.

mary rosenblum

That way, I can create a character who will suit my plot.

mary rosenblum

Rather than come up with a character and then have to find a plot that will fit the character.

mary rosenblum

Although I certainly do it both ways.

mary rosenblum

That's an issue with series books, by the way.

mary rosenblum

You have an established character, so you have to find plots that fit your character.

mary rosenblum

This is our After Hours Forum, with me, Mary Rosenblum, your web editor We're talking about characters tonight. I've published seven novels (number eight will be out in November) , more than 60 short stories, and will do my best to answer any questions you have. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the 'Ask a Question' button or the 'word bubble' next to the red question mark at the top of the screen in order to ask a question. Your regular 'send' bar won't reach me! Or you can use /ask and type your question into the regular send bar if that works better for you

mary rosenblum

You know, I have a very good character exercise for you.

mary rosenblum

Write yourself a nice action scene or an intense dialogue between characters...

mary rosenblum

and then reverse the gender.

mary rosenblum

I use that in writers workshops a lot.

mary rosenblum

It's a great way to focus yourself on the 'world view' of your character.

mary rosenblum

Because big surprise, your male and female characters are not going to think the same way.

mary rosenblum

Or use the same references or notice the same things.

builder guy

Family plot's are plentiful, when does it become redundant?

mary rosenblum

Well, redundant means repetitive, so if they're all different, keep at it, builder. :-)

janecj333

It's funny you mention that. I'm rewriting a scene in another pov, and the gestures and comments have to be changed so dramatically.

mary rosenblum

That's good, Jane. They should be different

mary rosenblum

Another good character exercise.

mary rosenblum

So the same thing...write an action scene or an intense conversation...

mary rosenblum

and then do the same scene from the other character's POV.

mary rosenblum

That's particularly useful if you do an action scene...

mary rosenblum

becuase of course, your other POV will see different things...

mary rosenblum

he/she is not standing in the same places as the first POV...

mary rosenblum

and it really makes the nature of POV clear.

sss1208

what does POV stand for

mary rosenblum

Sorry. Point of View.

mary rosenblum

Thats' the character through whose perspective you tell the story.

mary rosenblum

One thing to think about if you have a story that seems to be stuck...

mary rosenblum

is whether or not you are using the 'right' character.

mary rosenblum

Try telling the same story through another character's POV.

mary rosenblum

You may find that this character makes a better POV.

janecj333

I'm also reducing the number of pov characters as there seem to be too many. I'm using what I consider omniscient to replace some.

mary rosenblum

Jane, I wouldn't recommend omniscient.

mary rosenblum

You may be succumbing to a very common misperception...

mary rosenblum

that we NEED to know what that character is thinking.

mary rosenblum

We need it far less than we usually believe, when we're first writing fiction. :-)

mary rosenblum

There is almost nothing you cannot reveal without going into that person's POV.

mary rosenblum

No, you won't be able to do so as specifically...

mary rosenblum

your readers will have to guess and it won't be exactly what you know that character is thinking...

mary rosenblum

but it'll be close and that way you preserve your POV

janecj333

ok, maybe it's not omniscient...it's more of a scene without any pov. Just actions, dialogue, description of terrain.

mary rosenblum

Sounds more cinematic...

mary rosenblum

taht is visuals with nobody's thoughts.

mary rosenblum

Omniscient is thoughts of all the characters whenever needed...head hopping in other words.

geezer

I just read a book that had patients in a mental hospital. The author head hopped. Each time there was a jolt but it added to the wierdness of the scene

mary rosenblum

Well, it can.

mary rosenblum

I've read some extremely omniscient stories that worked well. They tend to be plot driven.

mary rosenblum

BUT...that does not mean it will work for YOUR story. :-) It's hard to pull of.

mary rosenblum

YOu have to have something so powerful that the weak characterization is compensated for.

janecj333

In fact, my realization is that the reader DOESN'T need to know what certain characters think, and is really just an unnecessary distraction.

mary rosenblum

That's exactly right.

mary rosenblum

You can have that character reveal just about anything you need the reader to know...

mary rosenblum

without knowing what that character thinks.

mary rosenblum

Well this has been fun Oregon hour.

mary rosenblum

I'd better get out and feed my sheep before this biiiiig black cloud lets go.

mary rosenblum

I"ll post this in the usual place:

mary rosenblum

Writing Craft: Forum Transcript.

janecj333

If I write, "It was hot. Damn hot. " and nobody's thinking it (in a scene with no pov) but everybody knows it, is it cinematic or just standard narration?

mary rosenblum

Narrative.

mary rosenblum

If we are in one POV, then we'll assume it's her/his thought.

mary rosenblum

If it's cinematic, it's your voice.

mary rosenblum

Thanks for coming all, and good night!

 

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